I recently read an article in ARTnews magazine about the estimated yearly art market value. They claim that last year $25 billion was spent worldwide on art. The article however goes on to say that it could be as high as $35 billion, but they don’t seem to take into account sales other than by galleries and auction houses. This leaves out a huge market. Last year I bought about 15 pieces and only 1 of them was from a gallery, the rest were through the artists websites or shops like etsy. The fact that ARTnews didn’t take any of this into account seemed odd to me.
The article did get me thinking about the high values of some pieces and the high prices of many recent sales. There aren’t that many artists that can expect to sell their works for ridiculous amounts of money. Many artists just barely get by, only dreaming of the day someone is willing to pay high prices for their works allowing them to live a luxurious lifestyle. Unfortunately this usually only happens after the artist is dead.
Maybe there is something to learn from the works that are currently selling for more than the GDP of some small countries. With that I decided to take a look at the 10 highest selling pieces of all time. I am listing these in order of lowest to highest and the sale prices have all been adjusted for inflation.
10. Adele Bloch-Bauer II by Gustav Klimt
Gustav Klimt was an Austrian Symbolist painter and one of the most prominent members of the Vienna Art Nouveau (Vienna Secession) movement. He is most well known for his “Golden Phase” where many of his paintings utilized gold leaf. One of his more famous pieces from this time is “The Kiss” 
Adele Bloch-Bauer II was painted by Klimt in 1912 and sold in 2006 for $89.1 million ($87.9 million before inflation). Adele Bloch-Bauer was the wife of Ferdinand Bloch-Bauer, who was a wealthy industrialist who sponsored the arts and supported Gustav Klimt. Adele Bloch-Bauer was the only model to be painted twice by Klimt; she also appeared in the much more famous Portrait of Adele Bloch-Bauer I which is number 3 in this list.
9. Portrait de l’artiste sans barbe by Vincent van Gogh
Vincent Willem van Gogh was a Dutch Post-Impressionist artist. His paintings and drawings include some of the world’s best known, most popular and most expensive pieces. I’m sure pretty much everyone is familiar with “The Starry Night”. 
Vincent van Gogh created many self-portraits during his lifetime. You can see a list of his self-portraits at wikipedia, but his Self-portrait without beard from 1889 is the number 9 highest selling painting of all time brining in $90.1 million ($71.5 before inflation) when it sold at Christie’s NY in 1998.
8. Dora Maar au Chat by Pablo Picasso
Picasso is best known for co-founding the Cubist movement with fellow artist Georges Braque. I don’t think there is anyone alive who isn’t familiar with Picasso.
This painting was one of many portraits of Dora Maar painted by Pablo Picasso over their nearly decade-long relationship. Picasso fell in love with the 29-year old Maar at the age of 55 and soon began living with her. This painting was done during the year 1941, when the Nazis were occupying France. It sold for $97 million ($95.2 million before inflation) in 2006 through Sotheby’s in NY.
7. Irises by Vincent van Gogh
Irises is another painting by Vincent van Gogh. It was one of his first works while he was at the asylum at Saint Paul-de-Mausole in Saint-Rémy-de-Provence, France in the last year before his death in 1890.
Irises sold in 1987 for $97.5 million ($53.9 million before inflation) at Sotheby’s NY. At the time it sold it was broke the record highest price ever paid for an artwork at auction.
6. Garçon à la pipe by Picasso
Another painting by Picasso is on this list at number 6. It sold for $113.4 million ($104.2 million before inflation) and was estimated to go for around $70 million.
Owned by the estate of John Hay Whitney, on May 5, 2004 it sold for $US104.1 million at an auction in Sotheby’s NY. Many art critics have said it sold for so much because of the artists name, as opposed to having any significant historical importance. The reasoning behind the high sale price is irrelevant however.
5. Le Moulin de la Galette by Pierre-Auguste Renoir
Renoir was a French artist who was a leading painter in the development of the Impressionist style.
The painting was sold for $122.8 million ($78.1 before inflation) at Sotheby’s NY to Ryoei Saito, the honorary chairman of Daishowa Paper Manufacturing Company, Japan.
At the time of sale, it was one of the top two most expensive artworks ever sold, together with van Gogh’s Portrait of Dr Gachet, which was also purchased by Saito. Saito caused international outrage when he suggested in 1991 that he intended to cremate both paintings with him when he died. However, when Saito and his companies ran into severe financial difficulties, bankers who held the painting as collateral for loans arranged a confidential sale through Sotheby’s to an undisclosed buyer for around $50 million.
4. Portrait of Dr. Gachet by Vincent van Gogh
Vincent van Gogh’s 3rd painting on this list is one of two similar portraits of Dr. Gachet. This is for the first of 2 similar paintings of Dr. Gachet. Vincent’s brother, Theo van Gogh, thought that Gachet’s background and sensitivity toward artists would make him an ideal doctor for Vincent during his recovery. Very soon after he began seeing Gachet, however, Vincent began to doubt the doctor’s usefulness and was quoted as saying he was“ sicker than I am, I think, or shall we say just as much . . . . ”
It sold for $129.7 million ($82.5 million before inflation) to the same man who bought Renoir’s Moulin de la Galette in 1990, but has since been sold again to an unknown party. The story of the painting is a pretty interesting one.
“The original version of this painting was sold by van Gogh’s sister-in-law for 300 francs in 1897. Subsequently it was sold respectively to Paul Cassirer (1904), Kessler (1904), and Druet (1910). In 1911 the painting was acquired by the Städel (Städtische Galerie) in Frankfurt, Germany and hung there until 1933, when the painting was put in a hidden room. In 1937, it was confiscated by the Reich Ministry for Popular Enlightenment and Propaganda, an arm of the Nazi government that sought to rid pre-war Germany of so-called degenerate art. It came into the possession of Hermann Göring, who quickly sold it to a dealer in Amsterdam. The dealer in turn sold it to a collector, Siegfried Kramarsky, who brought it with him, when he fled to New York, where the work was often lent to the Metropolitan Museum of Art. Kramarsky’s family put the painting up for auction in 1990. The painting became famous on May 15, 1990, when Japanese businessman Ryoei Saito paid US$82.5 million for it at auction in Christie’s New York, making it the most expensive painting in the world up to that time. Saito, the honorary chairman of Daishowa Paper Manufacturing Co. and then 75 years old, caused a scandal when he said he would have the Van Gogh painting cremated with him after his death. He later said, “What I really wanted to [express] was my wish to preserve the paintings forever.” Saito, his aides explained, was using a figure of speech, and his threatening to torch the masterpiece was just an expression of intense affection for it. Later he said he would consider giving the paintings to his government or a museum. After his death in 1996, the exact location and ownership of the portrait had been shrouded in mystery. In early 2007, however, reports surfaced that the painting had been sold a decade earlier by Saito or his estate to the Austrian-born investment fund manager Wolfgang Flöttl. Flöttl, in turn, had reportedly been forced by financial reversals to sell the painting to parties as yet unknown.
The second version of the portrait is in the possession of the Musée d’Orsay, Paris, France.”
3. Portrait of Adele Bloch-Bauer I by Gustav Klimt
This is the second piece in this list by Klimt, the first is at the number 10 spot.
Adele Bloch-Bauer became the only model who was painted twice by Klimt when he completed a second picture of her, Adele Bloch-Bauer II, in 1912. this first piece sold in 2006 for $137.6 million ($135 million before inflation) to Ronald Lauder, son of Estée Lauder for his Neue Galerie in New York City.
When the Nazis took over Austria, Adele’s widowed husband had to flee to Switzerland. His property, including the Klimt paintings, was confiscated. In his 1945 testament, Bloch-Bauer designated his nephew and nieces, including Maria Altmann, as the inheritors of his estate.
After a court battle in the United States and in Austria binding arbitration by the Austrian court established in 2006 that Maria Altmann was the rightful owner of this and four other paintings by Klimt. After the pictures were sent to America, they were on display in Los Angeles in 2006 before the portrait was sold to Lauder who has for years attempted to recover Jewish-owned art, mostly from Germany and Austria, that had been confiscated or looted by the Nazi government.
2. Woman III by Willem de Kooning
Woman III was sold by David Geffen to Steven A. Cohen in 2006 for $140.2 million ($137.5 before inflation) making it the 2nd most expensive painting ever sold.
“Woman III” comes with a rich history. Mr. Geffen acquired it in 1994 from a Tehran museum in a quiet trade with the help of Doris Ammann, a Zurich dealer, on the tarmac of the Vienna airport. In return, Iran obtained the remnants of a precious 16th-century painted manuscript detailing the ascension of Shah Tahmasp of Persia to the throne.
Because Mr. Cohen is known as a supporter of both the Museum of Modern Art and the Metropolitan Museum, his purchase is likely to stir speculation about whether “Woman III” will one day go to a museum.”
1. No. 5, 1948 by Jackson Pollock
This piece may or may not be the most expensive painting ever sold. Nothing has been confirmed and the story of it’s sale may not even be true.
“According to a report in The New York Times, on November 2, 2006, the painting was sold by David Geffen, founder of Geffen Records and co-founder of Dreamworks SKG, to David Martinez, managing partner of Fintech Advisory Ltd, in a private sale for a record price of $142.7 million ($140 million before inflation). The sale was reportedly brokered by Sotheby’s auctioneer Tobias Meyer, however, Shearman & Sterling, LLP issued a press release on behalf of its client, David Martinez, to announce that contrary to recent articles in the press, Mr Martinez does not own the painting or any rights to acquire it. It is speculated that Geffen sold the painting, along with two others, to raise enough funds to bid for the Los Angeles Times. Martinez has reportedly been amassing an art collection, buying multiple modern artworks in recent years as well as a two-floor, $54.7 million dollar apartment in the south building of the Time Warner Center.
The sale to Martinez is not confirmed. In addition to the refutation issued by Shearman & Sterling, the auction expert Josh Baer indicated that Martinez was not the buyer of the painting.”